Hi Christian,
According to your questions:
do I need the plugin to collect cookies?
– nope, you can just custom code that on your site (but every wordpress install is using cookies)
what does the cookie notice do exactly?
– it displays the cookie notice message, stores the information if the consent has been accepted by the user
what information is stored and where can I see this?
– you can see it in your browser privacy settings. the plugin is storing data in cookies_accepted cookie name
what can I do with this information?
– apart from informing the user, you can disable your site functionalities depending on the cookie notice status – whether it’s been accepted or not. the plugin provides an API (a function) to do that on your side